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一、社会保障覆盖面小。长期以来,中国实行的是就业式的保障和身分式的保障。如在城镇的国有企事业单位就业的职工,可获得包罗万象的高福利,而非国有企业职工所得保障项目少、水平低,个体和私营几乎是空白。全国社会保障的覆盖面仅有30%左右,而世界各国社会保障的覆盖面平均达60%以上。二、社会保障作为“稳定器”和“调节器”,应通过国民收入的再分配,避免贫富差距拉大以及城乡收入差距的扩大。但实际上目前我国的社会保障对社会分配起不到调节作用。据国家统计局资料,
First, social security coverage is small. For a long time, China has practiced employment protection and identity protection. For instance, workers employed in state-owned enterprises and public institutions in cities and towns can receive all-encompassing high welfare benefits, while non-state-owned workers receive less guaranteed benefits and have lower standards. The individual and private sectors are almost empty. The national coverage of social security is only about 30%, while the coverage of social security in all countries in the world reaches an average of 60% or more. Second, as a “stabilizer” and a “regulator”, social security should redistribute the gap between rich and poor and widen the income gap between urban and rural areas through the redistribution of national income. However, at present, social security in our country can not regulate the social distribution. According to the National Bureau of Statistics,