本文是对马克思主义经济学两个重要原理的重新探讨。一个是马克思的劳动价值论，另一个是马克思关于社会主义社会经济体制的预见。作者认为马克思主义创始人在这两个带有根本性的问题上的理论或论断，有其不可抹煞的历史意义和科学价值，但是历史和现实的发展已经无可辩驳地显示了它们的历史局限性。一方面，劳动价值论难于解释市场的价格决定及其变动规律，市场现象需要更广泛的理论（例如供给和需求价格论）加以解释；另一方面，中国及其他社会主义国家的经济改革实践已经打破了社会主义就是计划经济、资本主义就是市场经济的传统教条，证明社会主义也可以搞市场经济的论断是一个真理。作者认为马克思主义是发展的科学，根据实践标准和社会生活的变化对原有的某些原理提出重新思考或加以发展，不是离开而是坚持马克思主义科学精神的体现 This article is a re-examination of two important principles of Marxist economics. One is Marx’s labor theory of value, and the other is Marx’s foresight on the socialist social and economic system. The author thinks that the theory or conclusion of the founder of Marxism on these two fundamental issues has its historical significance and scientific value that can not be negated, but the historical and realistic development has irrefutably demonstrated their historical limitations Sex. On the one hand, the labor theory of value is difficult to explain the price decision of the market and its variation. The market phenomenon needs to be explained by a broader theory (such as the supply and demand price theory); on the other hand, the economic reform practice in China and other socialist countries has been Breaking socialism is the planned economy. Capitalism is the traditional dogma of market economy. It is a truth to prove that socialism can also engage in market economy. The author thinks that Marxism is the science of development, and rethinks or develops some of the original principles according to the standards of practice and changes in social life, instead of leaving but embodying the embodiment of Marxist scientific spirit