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恒河猴30只,经连续14天肌注青蒿素油悬剂,于停药后3天,主要在每天肌注96和192mg/kg组中引起多种脏器组织的损伤。表现为:骨髓红系和粒系细胞数减少,成熟发育障碍,巨核细胞增生,心肌细胞变性和灶性坏死(以超微结构病变为主);肝、肾营养不良性改变;淋巴组织萎缩;注射部位的损伤等,其中以骨髓和心肌损伤较为明显。于停药后35天,上述病变明显减轻或消失,表明青蒿素的毒副作用是可逆性的。每天肌注青蒿素24和48mg/kg为轻微中毒剂量;96mg/kg为严重中毒剂量;192mg/kg为致死剂量。每天肌注192mg/kg组的4只猴,有3只于末次给药后1～3天死于严重心肌损伤。
30 rhesus monkeys received intramuscular injection of artemisinin oil suspension for 14 consecutive days. Three days after discontinuation of the rhesus macaques, intramuscular injection of 96 and 192 mg/kg intramuscularly in each group caused various organ damage. The performance is as follows: the number of erythroid and granulocyte cells in the bone marrow is reduced, maturation and development disorders, megakaryocyte hyperplasia, myocardial cell degeneration and focal necrosis (mainly in ultrastructural lesions), liver and kidney malnutrition, lymphoid tissue atrophy; Injury at the injection site, among which bone marrow and myocardial damage are more pronounced. At 35 days after drug withdrawal, the above lesions were significantly reduced or disappeared, indicating that the toxic and side effects of artemisinin are reversible. Every day intramuscular injection of artemisinin 24 and 48mg/kg is a slight poisoning dose; 96mg/kg is a severe toxic dose; 192mg/kg is a lethal dose. Three monkeys in the 192 mg/kg intramuscular injection group each died of severe myocardial injury 1 to 3 days after the last administration.