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BACKGROUND:?Small-for-size?syndrome?is?a?widely?recognized?clinical? complication? after? living? donor? liver? transplantation?or? extended? hepatectomy? due? to? inadequate? liver? mass.? The?purpose?of?this?study?was?to?investigate?the?role?of?splenectomy?in?rats?after?massive?hepatectomy,?a?surrogate?model?of?small-for-size?graft. METHODS:?Rats? were? divided? into? eight? groups,?each?with 20? animals:? 50%?hepatectomy?(50%?Hx),?50%?hepatectomy+splenectomy?(50%?Hx+Sp),?60%?Hx,?60%?Hx+Sp,?70%?Hx,?70%?Hx+Sp,? 90%? Hx? and? 90%? Hx+Sp.? The? following? parameters?were?evaluated:?liver?function?tests?(ALT,?AST?and?TBIL),?liver?regeneration? ratio,? DNA? synthesis,? proliferation? cell? nuclear?antigen,? hepatic? oxygen? delivery? (HDO2)? and? hepatic? oxygen?consumption?(HVO2). RESULTS:?The? liver? regeneration? ratio? was? enhanced? in? the?Hx+Sp? groups? (P