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与传统的政府间国际组织相比,可以说欧盟代表了一种根本不同的国际秩序,因为它积累的职能和能力已经超越了这些组织。本文比较了欧盟和国际海事组织如何影响一个国家机构实施国际规则的三个方面:应用、政策议程冲突和违规处理。访谈揭示,欧盟和国际海事组织比预期的更为相似,但仍有不同。国际规则的应用似乎受到这两个国际组织各种配套职能的影响。欧盟的重执法机制可能妨碍对违规的检查,其独立的议程设置权力可能会造成国家官员对欧盟规则内容的敌意。对实践工作者的启示本文不仅描述了欧盟和国际海事组织在海事安全领域的异同,还有助于识别不同类型的国际组织可能影响国家行政管理流程的各种渠道。那些与国际机制建设和管理工作相关的人员应该会感兴趣,因为它探讨了实际的效果。
Compared with traditional intergovernmental organizations, it can be said that the EU represents a fundamentally different international order because its accumulated functions and capabilities have surpassed those organizations. This article compares how the EU and the IMO affect three aspects of a national agency implementing international rules: application, policy agenda conflicts and non-compliance. Interviews revealed that the EU and the IMO were more similar than expected but still different. The application of international rules appears to be influenced by the various supporting functions of the two international organizations. EU law enforcement mechanisms may hinder the inspection of non-compliance, and its independent agenda-setting authority could create the hostility of state officials over the content of EU rules. Implications for Practitioners This article not only describes the similarities and differences between the EU and the International Maritime Organization in the area of maritime safety but also helps to identify the various channels through which different types of international organizations may affect the national administrative process. Those who are relevant to the construction and management of international mechanisms should be interested because it explores the actual results.