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位于龙门西山南部的古阳洞是北魏迁洛之初开凿的洞窟。洞内大小龛像类型多样,关系复杂,延续时间几乎纵贯整个北魏洛阳时代,是龙门北朝石窟各阶段特征的集中体现。该洞开创初期继承了迁洛前平城石窟的诸多传统,随着汉化推进及社会发展,多种因素不断融入,逐渐形成了自身特征,对龙门后续雕凿也产生了深远影响。本文将通过类型分析归纳不同时期龛像的特征演变,结合壁面叠压打破关系和重要题记大致勾勒该洞雕凿的历史线索;并搜集相关文献资料,对古阳洞源流及开凿、续刻、衰止过程背后的社会文化、佛教信仰等问题做初步整理和探索。
Guyang Cave, located in the southern part of Longmen West Mountain, was drilled at the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The size of the niche in the cave varies in kind and complex in relation to each other. The continuation time runs through almost the whole of Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty and is a concentrated expression of the characteristics of the various stages of the Northern Dynasties. In the early days of the opening, the cave inherited many traditions of moving Pingcheng Grottoes in front of the Luo site. With the promotion of Chineseization and social development, many factors were gradually integrated and gradually formed its own characteristics, which also had a profound impact on the follow-up carving of the gantry. In this paper, we will summarize the characteristics evolution of niche images in different periods through the type analysis, and outline the historical clues of the carving by combining the breaking of the relationship and the important inscriptions on the surface of the cave; and collect relevant literatures, The social culture behind the process of declining, Buddhist beliefs and other issues to do a preliminary arrangement and exploration.