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在西方文化中,“反讽”一方面是和古希腊文明同龄的传统,另一方面也是“文学现代性的决定性标志”。本文以反讽的原初形式——苏格拉底式反讽为参照,以美国当代剧作家爱德华·阿尔比和萨姆·谢泼德各自一部代表作为例,同时结合他们以及其他剧作家的部分作品,分析反讽在当代美国剧场中产生的变型,并从后现代角度探讨产生变型的原因。 “反讽”一词在希腊语中(eironeia)原义为“伪装的无知,虚假的谦逊”与之拼写相似、词义相关的是“施讽者”(eiron)。史载最早的施讽
In Western culture, “irony” is on the one hand the tradition of the same age with the ancient Greek civilization, on the other hand, it is also “the decisive symbol of the modernity of literature.” Taking the original form of irony - Socratic irony as a reference, taking the representative of American contemporary playwrights Edward Albi and Sam Shepherd as examples, this article combines some works of them and other playwrights, Analyze the variations of irony in the contemporary American theater and explore the causes of the variations from a postmodern perspective. The word “irony” in Greek (eironeia) is literally “disguised ignorance, false humbleness” similar to spelling, and the word meaning is related to “eiron.” History contains the earliest irony