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目的了解潍坊市2008～2013年水痘的疫情及流行病学特征,为控制水痘暴发和流行提供流行病学依据。方法对中国疾病控制信息系统中,2008～2013年潍坊市的水痘个案病例及爆发疫情信息采用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果 2008～2013年潍坊市共报告水痘病例2 598例,年均发病率为4.84/10万,不同年份呈现上升趋势(P<0.01)。11月至次年2月及4～6月为发病高峰;病例中男女性别比为1.58∶1;4～9岁和10～24岁为发病高峰,发病率分别为34.34%、8.80%;发病人群主要以学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,分别占总病例数的53.58%、18.36%、14.70%;发生爆发疫情14起,主要发生在学校和托幼机构。结论学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童为高发人群,今后应做好适龄儿童和重点人群水痘疫苗的查漏补种工作,加强入托、入学预防接种证查验和疫苗补种工作,降低水痘发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox from 2008 to 2013 in Weifang, and to provide epidemiological evidence for controlling the outbreak and spread of chicken pox. Methods Epidemiology was used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox cases and outbreak information in Weifang City from 2008 to 2013 in China’s disease control information system. Results A total of 2 598 chickenpox cases were reported in Weifang from 2008 to 2013, with an annual average incidence of 4.84 / 100 000, showing an upward trend in different years (P <0.01). The peak incidence was from November to February and from April to June. The male / female sex ratio was 1.58:1. The incidence peak was between 4 and 9 years old and 10 to 24 years old with the incidence rates of 34.34% and 8.80% respectively. The population mainly consisted of students, scattered children and nursery children, accounting for 53.58%, 18.36% and 14.70% respectively of the total number of cases; 14 outbreaks occurred mainly in schools and nurseries. Conclusions Students, diasporas and nursery children are the high incidence population. In the future, the detection and varilution of varicella vaccine should be done in school-age children and key populations. The examination of vaccination certificates and vaccination should be strengthened and the incidence of chickenpox should be reduced.