例１：男，４７岁。突发腹痛１小时急诊来院。患者饮酒史近３０年，每日２００～３００ｍｌ。６年前诊断酒精性肝硬化，此后因腹胀、腹水反复发作住院４次。无呕血及黑便史。查体：体温３６℃，脉搏１３２／ｍｉｎ，血压６０／４．０ｋＰａ，呼吸２０／ｍｉｎ。面色灰暗... Example 1: Male, 47 years old. Emergency abdominal pain 1 hour to hospital. History of patients drinking nearly 30 years, daily 200 ~ 300ml. 6 years ago, diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis, then abdominal distension, recurrent episodes of ascites 4 times. No hematemesis and melena history. Physical examination: body temperature 36 ℃, pulse 132 / min, blood pressure 6  0 / 4.0kPa, breathing 20 / min. Looking dark ...