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本文主要目的是研究华北平原不同气候条件下7种人工牧草的耗水规律。试验于2005-2009年在中国科学院禹城综合试验站进行,牧草品种有一年生牧草黑麦(Secale cereale L.)、小黑麦(× Triticosecale Wittmack)、高丹草(Sorghum biolor × Sorghum Sudanense c.v.)、青饲玉米(Zea mays L.)和籽粒苋(Amaranthus paniculatus L.),多年生牧草苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.) 和串叶松香草(Silphium perfoliatum L.)。结果显示,苜蓿的Kc值为1.08,其他牧草在0.79-0.94。不同气候条件下的Kc值大小规律为,越年生牧草:湿润>干旱>平常;一年生牧草:干旱>平常>湿润;多年生牧草:平常>干旱>湿润。本文建议青饲玉米和高丹草为夏季播牧草的优选牧草,籽粒苋对气候变化最敏感,干旱和平常季节会减产一半以上。黑麦和小黑麦蒸是冬闲田种植的优选牧草,小黑麦因为耗水量较小,优于黑麦。苜蓿在干旱季节的表现优于串叶松香草,但当降雨达592.9mm以上反而会引起减产。该研究的结果能为牧草在华北平原的种植布局提供科学依据。
The main purpose of this paper is to study the water consumption pattern of seven artificial forages under different climates in North China Plain. The experiment was carried out at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2005 to 2009. The forage species include Secale cereale L., Triticolos violaceum L., Sorghum biolor × Sorghum Sudanense cv, , Zea mays L. and Amaranthus paniculatus L., perennial forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and Silphium perfoliatum L. The results showed that the alfalfa Kc value of 1.08, other forage 0.79-0.94. The law of Kc in different climatic conditions was as follows: annual pasture: wetting> drought> normal; annual pasture: drought> normal> wetting; perennial pasture: normal> drought> moist. This paper suggests that green fodder maize and sudangrass are the preferred pasture for summer seeding. Amaranth are the most sensitive to climate change, and the drought will be reduced by more than half of the normal season. Rye and triticale steamed are the preferred forages planted in winter fallow fields. Triticale is better than rye because of its lower water consumption. Medicago sativa performed better than C. sinensis in the dry season, but when the rainfall reached 592.9 mm or more, the yield would drop. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the planting layout of pasture in the North China Plain.