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目的分析河北省571例狂犬病病例个案资料,探讨狂犬病防治中存在的问题,为河北省狂犬病防制提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法对河北省571例狂犬病病例个案资料进行分析。结果全年各月均有病例报告,以4-10月份较多,占70.71%;男性多于女性,男女比例为2.68:1;职业以农民为主,占81.96%;41~60岁年龄组发病最多,占45.69%。92.12%的病人通过犬感染,潜伏期中位数为67d。受伤部位以手部为主,占35.90%。暴露部位越靠近头颈部,潜伏期越短。仅44.31%的病例暴露伤口进行了处理。接种狂犬疫苗的病例占28.55%;注射狂犬病人免疫球蛋白的病例占Ⅲ级暴露人数的21.09%。结论河北省犬仍是狂犬病的主要传染源,加强犬类管理,加大宣传、及时就地规范处理暴露伤口和接种疫苗是防制狂犬病的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the case data of 571 cases of rabies in Hebei Province, discuss the problems in the prevention and treatment of rabies and provide evidence for the prevention of rabies in Hebei Province. Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the case data of 571 cases of rabies in Hebei Province. Results There were case reports in all months of the year, accounting for 70.71% of the total in April-October. There were more males than females, with a male-female ratio of 2.68: 1. The main occupation was peasants, accounting for 81.96% The most incidence, accounting for 45.69%. 92.12% of the patients infected by dogs, the median incubation period was 67d. Injured parts to hand-based, accounting for 35.90%. The closer the site of exposure to the head and neck, the shorter the incubation period. Only 44.31% of cases exposed wounds were treated. Vaccination of rabies vaccine cases accounted for 28.55%; injection of rabies immunoglobulin cases accounted for 21.09% of the number of Ⅲ-exposure. Conclusions Hebei Province is still the main source of infection of rabies. Strengthening dog management, increasing publicity, timely and standardized treatment of exposed wounds and vaccination are effective measures to prevent rabies.