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定向钻孔是指在钻孔远离目标点,进行定向钻探,以及在一个钻孔中,为打一些丛式分枝孔,以补充查明某些地质情况。它是加快勘探施工速度,提供准确地质资料,降低成本的很有前途的经济钻探方法。 当前,定向钻孔主要有两种方法。一种是地面动力,钻杆迥转的定向钻探方法;一种是孔底动力,钻杆不迥转的定向钻探方法。后者以更好的经济效益得到了迅速的发展。苏联在40年代石油钻井中开始用孔底涡轮钻打定向井。美国载纳钻井公司在60年代中期研究成功“载纳钻”(我国称螺杆钻),并用其在油田打定向井取得成功。从此为在石油钻采工程、固体矿产勘探打定向孔开创了新局面。
Directional drilling refers to drilling a hole away from the target point for directional drilling and drilling a series of holes in a borehole to supplement the identification of certain geological conditions. It is a promising economic drilling method to speed up exploration and construction, provide accurate geological data and reduce costs. At present, there are mainly two methods for directional drilling. One is the ground-based drilling, drilling turn around the directional drilling method; one is the bottom of the hole, drill pipe does not turn around the directional drilling method. The latter achieved rapid economic development with rapid economic growth. The Soviet Union began drilling directional wells with hole-bottom turbines in oil drilling in the 1940s. In the mid-1960s, the United States-borne drilling companies successfully “loaded the drill” (our country called the screw drill) and used it to make directional wells in the oilfield. Since then in the oil drilling project, exploration of solid mineral exploration to create a new situation to the hole.