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蒸汽机的发明使得火车和铁路技术对19世纪的欧洲产生了重要的影响。德国自然主义作家、诺贝尔文学奖得主格哈德·豪普特曼在1887年以铁路道口看守员与铁路间的关系为主题创作了中篇小说《道口工提尔》。铁路不仅在小说的结构上贯穿始终,它还牢牢地控制并影响着主人公提尔生活的所有层面,最后也如恶魔一般碾碎了提尔的生活。铁路系统改变了原有的人与自然、人与自身的关系。正如德国哲学家海德格尔在《追问技术》一文中所述,在技术时代,人和自然都被卷进现代技术的漩涡之中,技术规定着技术时代的人按照技术的方式去活动。小说主人公提尔的悲剧命运正是现代技术统治下人的主体性丧失的一个缩影。
The invention of the steam engine made trains and railroad technology a significant influence on 19th-century Europe. Gerhard Hauptmann, a German naturalistic writer and Nobel Prize laureate, created the novella Todd Dauphin in 1887 on the theme of the relationship between railroad crossing watchmen and the railroad. The railway not only runs through the structure of the novel, but also controls and influences all aspects of the life of the hero Tire. Finally, the railroad tracks the life of Tire. The railway system has changed the original relationship between man and nature, man and himself. As the German philosopher Heidegger described in his article “Inquiring about Technology,” in the technological age both man and nature were swept into the whirlpool of modern technology, which stipulated that technicians in the age of technology should act technically. The tragic fate of Tire, the protagonist of the novel, is a microcosm of the loss of human subjectivity under the rule of modern technology.