一前言现代唐史学者有一个常见的说法,说唐代的使职“侵夺”了职事官的职权,以致到了唐后期,使职变得比职事官更为重要。但这种“侵夺”、“侵权”的背景是什么?为什么唐朝要委任使职来“侵夺”职事官的职权?是谁最先使用了“侵夺”这一类负面的字眼?使职真的“侵夺”了职事官的职权吗?我们是否可以不用“侵夺”这种负面字眼, A preface Modern Tang historians have a common saying that the occupation of the Tang Dynasty “invaded” the powers of the clerk so that by the late Tang dynasty it became even more important to make the clerks more competent than the clerks. But what is the background of this kind of “invasion” and “infringement”? Why did the Tang Dynasty appoint a commissioner to “invade” the position of the chief of staff? Who used the “invasion” first? What kind of negative words make the job really “invade” the authority of the ministry? Can we not use the negative words “infiltrate”