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要想达到减排的目的不外乎两种办法,一种是直接减排,即减少温室气体排放;一种是间接减排,即增加对温室气体的吸收。直接减排针对的是排放源头,而间接减排,也叫增汇或碳汇,是通过植树造林,来吸收、减少空气中的二氧化碳含量。与直接减排相比,植树造林等碳汇措施不仅成本低、效益好,而且容易操作,无疑是应对气候变化最经济、最现实的手段,也是国际社会公认的有效途径。目前,许多国家开始借助清洁发展机制(简称CDM)中的林业碳汇项目来完成减排承诺。发展林业碳汇不仅是发展低碳经济的重要措施之一,也是引入市场化机制实现碳减排的有效举措。
To achieve the purpose of reducing emissions is no more than two ways, one is the direct emission reduction, that is, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; one is indirect emission reduction, which increases the absorption of greenhouse gases. Direct emission reductions target emissions sources, while indirect emission reductions, also known as remittances or carbon sequestration, are reforested through afforestation to reduce carbon dioxide levels in the air. Compared with direct emission reduction, measures such as afforestation and other carbon sinks are not only low in cost, good in benefits, and easy to operate, they are undoubtedly the most economical and realistic means of coping with climate change and are recognized as effective ways by the international community. At present, many countries have started to make emission reduction commitments by means of forestry carbon sink projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Developing forest carbon sinks is not only one of the important measures for developing a low-carbon economy, but also an effective measure to introduce market-oriented mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions.