近20年来免疫学进展很快,已了解骨髓、胸腺、腔上囊(鸟类)与淋巴细胞发育的关系,以及淋巴结、脾脏和周围淋巴细胞功能。当抗原或异物(包括异种蛋白、细菌、病毒、组织移植物、肿瘤等)进入人体,可刺激免疫系统产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。此外,由单核吞噬细胞、多核细胞、补体及其他因子等参加的非特异免疫也有一定的作用。 Immunology has progressed rapidly in the past two decades. It is important to understand the relationship between bone marrow, thymus, supracapsular sacs (birds) and lymphocyte development, as well as lymph node, spleen and peripheral lymphocyte function. When the antigen or foreign body (including foreign proteins, bacteria, viruses, tissue grafts, tumors, etc.) into the body, can stimulate the immune system to produce cellular and humoral immune response. In addition, mononuclear phagocytes, multi-nucleated cells, complement and other factors involved in non-specific immune also have a role.