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目的分析2011年宁波市水痘疫情流行病学特征,为开展预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法 2011年在宁波市建立水痘监测点,监测水痘病例,并调查病例的个案信息及监测点水痘疫苗接种率的相关信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011年1-12月水痘监测点共监测水痘病例2797例,发病率为73.19/10万。其中,余姚市发病率最高,为117.62/10万,鄞州区发病率最低,为44.34/10万。每年5-6月以及11月至次年1月发病数较多,发病以<12岁儿童为主,不同地区年龄分布存在差异。1～7岁水痘疫苗平均接种率为73.01%,各地、各年龄组接种率不完全相同(P<0.001),接种率与发病率呈负相关。结论宁波市水痘发病率较高,水痘疫苗接种率存在地区、年龄差异,今后应继续加强适龄儿童和高年龄组儿童的水痘疫苗接种工作,将水痘疫情控制在较低水平。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Ningbo in 2011 and provide reference for carrying out prevention and control work. Methods A varicella monitoring site was established in Ningbo in 2011 to monitor varicella cases. Case information of the cases and information on varicella vaccination coverage were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 2797 chickenpox cases were monitored at the chickenpox site from January to December 2011, with a prevalence of 73.19 / 100 000. Among them, Yuyao City, the highest incidence of 117.62 / 100,000, the lowest incidence of Yinzhou District, 44.34 / 100,000. From May to June and from November to January each year, the number of cases was more than that of children aged less than 12 years. There were differences in age distribution in different regions. The average vaccination rate of chickenpox vaccine aged 1 to 7 years was 73.01%. The vaccination rates of different age groups were not identical (P <0.001). The vaccination rate was negatively correlated with the incidence. Conclusion The prevalence of chickenpox in Ningbo is high. There are differences in age and varicella vaccination coverage. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the vaccination against chickenpox in children of school age and high age group, and control the epidemic of chickenpox at a relatively low level.