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目的了解上海市奉贤区农村环境卫生现状,为相关部门制定农村环境卫生规划政策提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段多层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取5个镇,每个镇抽取4个行政村,每个村选取5个居民户共计20个村100个居民户,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法了解农村环境卫生状况。结果农村生活饮用水集中式供水人口比例为100%,村内道路硬化率75.00%;卫生厕所覆盖率100%,村内公厕覆盖率85.00%;对垃圾进行填埋处理的村占65.00%;农村污水排放方式以管道为主(55.00%),排放地点以河流为主(75.00%);居民厨房内蟑螂成若虫阳性率为31.00%,蟑迹阳性率27.00%,鼠迹阳性率42.00%,厨房内发现苍蝇的农户占60.00%,蚊虫容器指数25.63%;土壤蛔虫阳性率20.00%,铅、镉、铬、汞、砷等重金属的含量均合格。结论奉贤区农村环境卫生状况总体良好,但病媒生物防控工作仍有待加强,相关部门应进一步完善农村环境卫生管理机制,不断提高农村环境卫生水平,改善农村居民生活质量。
Objective To understand the status quo of rural environmental health in Fengxian District of Shanghai and to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of rural environmental health planning policy by relevant departments. Methods A multistage multi-layer cluster sampling method was used. Five towns were randomly selected and four administrative villages were selected from each town. Five village households in each village were selected and 100 households in 20 villages were selected. By referring to the materials, interviews, Site observation, laboratory testing methods to understand the situation of rural environmental health. Results The ratio of centralized water supply to drinking water in rural areas was 100%, and the rate of road hardening in the village was 75.00%. The coverage rate of sanitary lavatories was 100%, the coverage rate of public toilets in the village was 85.00%, and 65.00% of the villages were landfilled with rubbish. (55.00%) in the pipeline and rivers (75.00%). The positive rate of cockroach into the nymph in the kitchen was 31.00%, the positive rate of cockroaches was 27.00% and the positive rate of mouse was 42.00%. In the kitchen, Flies accounted for 60.00% of farmers, mosquito containers index of 25.63%; soil ascariasis positive rate of 20.00%, lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic and other heavy metals are qualified. Conclusion The overall situation of rural sanitation in Fengxian District is generally good. However, prevention and control of vector-borne diseases still need to be strengthened. Relevant departments should further improve the management mechanism of rural sanitation, continuously improve the level of sanitation in rural areas and improve the quality of life of rural residents.