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自欧盟单边决定强征航空“碳税”以来,该举动就招致许多国家的强烈反对。这表明任何单边贸易措施的运用都有可能在国际关系中引起争端,并对国际法的有效性构成危险的挑战。由于对单边行动不存在明确一致同意原则的框架,如何判断一项单边贸易措施的实施是否符合WTO规则?当国家的合法利益受到一项单边行动损害时,应当如何寻求国际法救济?通过分析有关单边行动的关键法律问题,本文试图阐明单边贸易措施在国际法中的地位及其限制。
Since the EU unilaterally decided to impose its air and carbon tax, the move has provoked strong opposition from many countries. This shows that the use of any unilateral trade measure is likely to cause disputes in international relations and pose a dangerous challenge to the validity of international law. How to judge whether the implementation of a unilateral trade measure accords with the WTO rules because there is no clear and unanimous framework for unilateral actions? How to seek the remedies of international law when the legitimate interests of the country are harmed by a unilateral action? To analyze key legal issues concerning unilateral actions, this article attempts to clarify the status of unilateral trade measures in international law and its limitations.