[引言] 电子计算机是廿世纪重大科学技术成就之一。世界上从第一台数字式电子计算机自1946年问世以来至今的卅多年中,它的发展是非常迅速的。当前正在向所谓第四代过渡,有几个主要发展方向: (1)计算机巨型和微型化。 [Introduction] Electronic computers are one of the major scientific and technological achievements of the 20th century. In the world, the development of the first digital electronic computer has been very rapid for many years since it was first introduced in 1946. There are several major developments that are currently under way for the so-called fourth generation: (1) computer giant and miniaturization.