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西安市污灌已有30多年的历史,目前污灌面积约占可耕地面积的16.2%。但是,随着西安地区的工业发展,工业及生活废水排放量日趋增加,长期污灌,造成农田污染,尤为严重的是含有一些重金属物质的工业废水,进入土壤后,不易被土壤微生物所降解,而常常被植物吸收利用,影响人、畜、家禽的健康。但是,西安地区工业及生活废水又是不可低估的水源和肥源,如经处理后,或适当加以引灌,又可培肥土壤,使作物增产。污灌对土壤生物活性的影响如何,这是影响作物增产的主要原因之一。本文试图从污灌对土壤某些酶、呼吸强度、有机质、土壤微生物活性的影响进行研究,并以人工施加毒物的方式进行模拟试验,为西安市污灌区农业环境质量评价提供参考。
Sewage irrigation in Xi’an has a history of over 30 years. At present, the sewage irrigation area accounts for 16.2% of the total area of cultivated land. However, with the industrial development in Xi’an, the discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater is increasing day by day, resulting in the pollution of farmland caused by long-term sewage irrigation. The industrial wastewater containing some heavy metals is particularly serious. When it enters the soil, it is not easily degraded by soil microorganisms, And often absorbed by plants, affecting people, livestock, poultry health. However, industrial and domestic waste water in Xi’an is another source of water and fertilizer that can not be underestimated. If treated, water can be irrigated properly or soil can be fertilized to increase the yield of crops. The impact of sewage irrigation on soil biological activity, which is one of the main factors that affect crop yield. This paper attempts to study the effects of sewage irrigation on the activities of some enzymes, respiration, organic matter and soil microorganisms in soils, and simulates the artificial way of applying the toxicants to provide reference for the evaluation of agricultural environmental quality in sewage irrigation areas in Xi’an.