糖尿病是一种遗传异质性疾病 ,即使在同一类型糖尿病间 ,胰岛 β细胞功能也存在很大差异。本文简单概括了人白细胞抗原 (HLA) Ⅱ基因在 1型糖尿病及成人晚发自身免疫性糖尿病发生、发展中的作用 ,揭示了 β细胞功能破坏的基因背景和分子生物学基础 ,特别是HLA DQ基因对 1型糖尿病的风险评估。由此探索一条途径来认识各型糖尿病的本质并预测其胰岛β细胞功能的变化 Diabetes mellitus is a hereditary heterogeneous disease, and even in the same type of diabetes there is a large difference in pancreatic β-cell function. This article briefly summarizes the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Ⅱ gene in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes in adults with late onset, and reveals the genetic background and molecular biology of β-cell dysfunction. In particular, HLA DQ Gene risk assessment for type 1 diabetes. This explores a pathway to recognize the nature of each type of diabetes and predict changes in pancreatic β-cell function