２０世纪东方发生了急剧的社会变革，其变革的方向和主流便是实现现代化。东方社会文化的现代化经过了艰难曲折的历程，仍然是一个未竟的事业；取得了一定的成就，也留下了许多值得思考的问题。一“现代化”是一个使用频率很高但含义比较笼统、模糊的概念。所谓“现代”，经常 In the 20th century, dramatic social changes took place in the East. The direction and mainstream of its transformation are the realization of modernization. The social and cultural modernization in the East has gone through a difficult and tortuous course. It is still an unfinished business. Some achievements have been made and many problems worth considering are left behind. A “modernization” is a concept of high frequency of use but general meaning and ambiguity. The so-called “modern”, often