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本文系统地描述了 HIV 的形态、基因组结构及基因表达的特点。HIV 是艾滋病的病原体,由于它的入侵,破坏了人体的免疫系统,使机体丧失对传染病和肿瘤的抵御能力而发病。HIV 是一种逆病毒,其基因组结构和基因表达不仅与其他逆病毒有相似之处,而且具有自身独特之点。gag 和 poi 基因编码病毒颗粒的内部蛋白;sor 基因产物是分子量为2.3KD的蛋白,它对生活在非淋巴细胞中的病毒复制是重要的;env 基因产物是外膜蛋白 gp120和转运膜蛋白 gP41;3′-orf 基因产物可能是 HIV 复制的抑制剂;tat 是蛋白反式激活的基因,其产物作用于转录后水平,它可活化 gag 和 env 基因的转录。
This article systematically describes the characteristics of HIV morphology, genomic structure and gene expression. HIV is the causative agent of AIDS. Because of its invasion, the human body’s immune system is destroyed, causing the body to lose its ability to resist infectious diseases and tumors. HIV is a retrovirus, its genome structure and gene expression not only with other anti-virus similarities, but also has its own unique point. The gag and poi genes encode the internal protein of the virus particle; the sor gene product is a protein with a molecular weight of 2.3 KD, which is important for viral replication in non-lymphoid cells; the env gene product is the outer membrane protein gp120 and the transport membrane protein gP41 ; 3’-orf gene product may be an inhibitor of HIV replication; tat is a protein transactivation gene whose product acts at the post-transcriptional level and activates the transcription of the gag and env genes.