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利用ＲＡＰＤ标记对１６个芥菜变种的遗传关系进行研究，并在ＵＰＧＡ聚类分析的基础上建立了亲缘关系系统树图和利用不同的引物数和不同的ＲＡＰＤ标记数对芥菜进行聚类分析。结果表明，聚类结果基本一致。即都可将１６个芥菜变种划分为３组：Ｃ组只有茎瘤芥１个变种，Ａ组和Ｂ组的变种数则略有差异。说明少至２种引物的扩增产物（２７个ＲＡＰＤ标记）也能基本反映１６个芥菜变种间的遗传关系。但随着引物数和ＲＡＰＤ标记数的减少，１６个芥菜变种间的平均遗传距离递减，即从１９种引物、２４０个ＲＡＰＤ标记的７．３４减少到２种引物、２７个ＲＡＰＤ标记的２．３４。而遗传距离的变小，使划分芥菜变种的亲缘关系更加困难。因此，在利用ＲＡＰＤ技术研究芥菜变种间的遗传关系时，有必要保证一定数量的引物和ＲＡＰＤ标记。
RAPD markers were used to study the genetic relationships among 16 B. juncea var. Japonica varieties. Based on the UPGA cluster analysis, phylogenetic tree was constructed and the cluster analysis of B. juncea was carried out with different numbers of primers and different RAPD markers. The results show that the clustering results are basically the same. That is, all 16 mustard varieties can be divided into three groups: only one variant of the tumorous stem mustard in group C and slightly different in group A and B. The results showed that as few as 2 primers (27 RAPD markers) could basically reflect the genetic relationship among 16 B. juncea var. However, with the decrease of the number of primers and the number of RAPD markers, the average genetic distance among the 16 B. juncea variants decreased from 19 primers, from 7.34 of 240 RAPD markers to 2 primers and 27 of 2 RAPD markers. 34. The smaller genetic distance makes it more difficult to classify the genetic relationships among the mustard varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a certain number of primers and RAPD markers when using RAPD to study the genetic relationship between B. juncea var.