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在生产、生活、工作和学习中,人们不可避免地会遇到各种各样的问题。人们运用学到的各种规则(知识、技能和方法),遵循合理的路径,解决那些良性结构问题。专家和新手的区别在于,专家能够迅速而又准确的识别问题情景,选择正确的规则,快速地解决良性结构问题,而新手往往会因为不能很好地在问题与规则之间有效联系,导致问题解决的失败或者是事倍功半。初中科学教学中,除了探究性任务和技术设计任务外,大部分问题都属于良性结构问题。教师有责任根据良性结构问题的一般性解决策略,设计真实的、富有挑战性的学习任务,观察学生表现,通适度反馈,促使学生经历问题解决的过程,感受解决问题的快乐,实现学生问题解决能力的提高。
In production, living, work and study, people inevitably encounter a variety of problems. People use the various rules (knowledge, skills, and methods) they learn to follow rational paths and solve those benign structural problems. The difference between experts and beginners is that experts can quickly and accurately identify the problem scenarios, select the correct rules and quickly solve the problem of benign structures. However, novices often lead to problems because they can not effectively link the problems with the rules To solve the failure or less effective. In junior high school science teaching, most of the problems belong to the category of benign structural problems except for exploratory tasks and technical design tasks. Teachers should be responsible for designing realistic and challenging learning tasks according to the general strategy of solving the benign structural problems, observing students’ performance, passing appropriate feedback, urging students to go through the process of problem solving, feeling the happiness of solving problems and solving the problems of students Ability to improve.