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本文通过构建一个南北贸易模型的分析框架,分析贸易开放对收入差距影响的作用机制,提出了出口商品结构变动影响收入差距的相关假说,并进行了实证检验。实证检验与理论假说基本一致:南北贸易引发的技术追赶对促进南方沿海出口商品结构的优化作用要显著大于内陆地区;出口商品结构优化能显著扩大内陆地区城镇居民收入差距,而对沿海地区城镇居民收入差距的影响不显著;出口商品结构优化总体上拉动了全国层面的城镇居民收入水平,但其对沿海和内陆地区城镇居民收入水平的拉动作用存在明显区别,出口商品结构优化显著提高了沿海地区城镇居民收入水平,但其对内陆地区城镇居民收入水平的拉动作用不显著,出口商品结构优化对不同地区城镇居民收入水平影响强度上的差别是导致我国地区间收入差距的一个重要因素。
This paper constructs an analytical framework of the North-South trade model, analyzes the mechanism of the impact of trade openness on income disparity, and puts forward the related hypothesis that the changes of export commodity structure affect the income disparity and conducts an empirical test. Empirical tests and theoretical hypotheses are basically the same: Technology catch-up triggered by North-South trade can significantly promote the optimization of the export commodities structure in the southern coast of the country; the optimization of export commodity structure can significantly expand the income gap between urban residents in the inland areas, The effect of the income gap between urban residents is not significant; the optimization of export commodities structure generally drives the income level of urban residents at the national level, but there is a clear difference between them in pulling income of urban residents in coastal and inland areas, and the structural optimization of export commodities is significantly improved The income of urban residents in coastal areas is not significant, but the difference between them is not significant for the income level of urban residents in inland areas. The difference in the intensity of the impact of export commodity structure on the income level of urban residents in different regions is an important factor that leads to the income gap between regions in China factor.