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目的分析迁安市1990—2013年尘肺病发病特征,为该市职业病防治策略提供参考。方法查阅职业病报告档案,对1990—2013年迁安市诊断的尘肺病患者进行所属企业规模、所属企业性质、所属行业、发病年龄、接尘工龄等数据进行汇总分析。结果该市尘肺病患者平均发病年龄为(47.93±6.15)岁,平均接尘工龄为(14.79±8.45)a,公有企业中尘肺病患者的平均接尘工龄高于私有企业(P<0.01),小型企业中尘肺病患者的平均接尘工龄低于其他型企业(P<0.01),铁矿行业中尘肺病患者的平均接尘工龄低于其他行业类型企业(P<0.01)。结论迁安市的尘肺病平均发病年龄较低,平均接尘工龄较短,多集中在私营小型铁矿企业,企业应加强职业卫生防护,职业卫生监管部门应加强监督管理。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qian’an from 1990 to 2013, and provide references for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in this city. Methods The data of occupational disease report were consulted, and the data of pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed in the city of Qian’an from 1990 to 2013 were collected and analyzed according to the size of the affiliated enterprise, the nature of the affiliated enterprises, their respective industries, the age of onset, and the age of access to dust. Results The average age of patients with pneumoconiosis in the city was (47.93 ± 6.15) years old, and the average age of dust exposure was (14.79 ± 8.45) a. The average age of dust exposure in public enterprises was higher than that in private enterprises (P <0.01) The average dust pick-up length of pneumoconiosis patients in small-sized enterprises was lower than that in other types of enterprises (P <0.01). The average dust pick-up length of pneumoconiosis patients in iron mining industry was lower than that of other industries (P <0.01). Conclusions The average age of pneumoconiosis in Qian’an City is relatively low, and the average length of dust collection jobs is short. Most of them are concentrated in small private iron and steel enterprises. Enterprises should strengthen occupational health protection and occupational health supervision departments should strengthen supervision and management.