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分析典型大国、北欧四国、四强小国和金砖国家1999-2014年高技术产业发展的主要特征.高技术产业占经济总量的比重不高,但它是决定国家竞争力的"关键少数"行业.高技术产业增加值占GDP比重会随经济增长而先升后降,呈现倒U形关系.倒U形后半段是保留高端环节、淘汰低端环节的产业升级过程.工业化高峰并非高技术产业高峰.高技术产业波动远高于经济周期波动.大国高技术产业发展多采取均衡战略,小国多采取专业化战略.典型国家经验表明:发达的高技术产业是跨越中等收入陷阱的必要条件;一国难以在高技术产业的各个领域占据全面优势,高技术产业技术创新适宜采取重点突破战略,以局部带动全局,逐步增强整体竞争力;大国需要兼顾高技术产业和传统产业发展.","This paper analyzes the main characteristics of the development ofhigh-tech industries in some typical countries,including leading countries(US,Japan,UK,Germany,France and Korea),the Nordic countries,four small economies(Singapore,Netherlands,Israel and Switzerland)and the BRICS countries from 1999 to 2014.The high technology industries account for a small proportion of the economy,but they are the"key minority"industries that determine the national competitiveness.The value-added of the high technology industries and economic growth show an inverted U-shaped relationship.The second half of the inverted U shape is an industrial upgrading process.The peak of industrialization is not necessarily the peak of the high-tech industries.The growth of high-tech industries is more fluctuating than the GDP growth.Most large countries adopt a balanced strategy for the development ofhigh-tech industries,whilethe specialized strategies are adopted in small countries.The experience of the typical countries shows that the success of high-tech industries is the necessary condition to overcome the middle-income trap.It is difficult for a country to occupy a comprehensive advantage in all fields ofhigh-tech industries;most countries specialize in the limited fields.For large countries like China,it is necessary to balance the development of the high-tech industries and traditional industries.