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1986年4月乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站核事故后,受~(137)Cs放射性沉降物污染最为严重的地表为电站周围半径为30km的排泄区以及一条向W—SW延伸80km的舌形地带。低放射性污染则延伸到电站以西300km的地方。地表放射性尘埃的沉降以及随后被损坏的反应堆的掩埋实际上有效地导致了地面核废料贮存场所的建立。该场所位于厚层的疏松沉积层序上,其绝大部分为碎屑沉积物,潜水面浅(通常3—5m)。地质条件、地表水和较浅的潜水面以及深部渗透性的含水层构成了对长期放射性沉降物保留和存贮不利的环境。了解该区地质和水文地质基本情况,对于评估这些实发性的废料存贮地造成的环境冲击以及评价放射性核素通过土壤和岩石向地下含水层和附近河流迁移的潜在性具有重要作用。
After the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine in April 1986, the most polluted surface of 137Cs radioactive fallout was the drainage area with a radius of 30km around the power station and a tongue-shaped zone extending 80km to the W-SW . Low radioactive contamination extends to 300km west of the station. The deposition of surface radioactive dust and subsequent destruction of the reactor effectively led to the establishment of ground nuclear waste storage sites. The site is located in a thick, loose sedimentary sequence that is predominantly clastic sediments and shallow diving surfaces (usually 3-5 m). Geological conditions, surface water and shallow submerged surfaces, and deep-penetrating aquifers constitute an environment that is detrimental to the retention and storage of long-term radioactive fallout. Understanding the basics of geology and hydrogeology in the area plays an important role in assessing the environmental impact of these actual waste storage sites and in assessing the potential of radionuclides to migrate through soil and rock to underground aquifers and nearby rivers.