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合作主义起源于19世纪的西欧,是为反对资本主义制度的流弊,积极要求改善平民经济而兴起的一场新经济运动。五四以后传入中国,伴随着知识分子对合作主义的进一步推广,五四前后知识分子中激起了一阵兴办合作社的热潮。1918年,在从日本归国的法科教授胡钧的提倡和指导下,北京大学60多名学生成立了中国第一个合作社:北京大学消费公社。其后全国各地相继成立了一系列合作社。类型主要有信用合作社、消费合作社、生产合作社三种。
Cooperativeism originated in Western Europe in the 19th century. It is a new economic movement that has started to oppose the abuses of the capitalist system and actively demand the improvement of civilian economy. After the May Fourth Movement came to China, along with the further promotion of the cooperativeism by the intellectuals, there was a wave of upsurge in the establishment of cooperatives among the intellectuals around the May Fourth Movement. In 1918, with the encouragement and guidance of Hu Jun, a law professor from Japan, who returned from Japan, more than 60 students from Peking University established China's first cooperative, Peking University Consumer Commune. Since then, a series of cooperatives have been set up all over the country. There are three types of credit cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, production cooperatives.