超重或肥胖女性发生妊娠期糖尿病的风险显著增加。随着全球范围内育龄女性中肥胖症的流行，妊娠期糖尿病的患病率也随之上升。预防妊娠期糖尿病可以减少母儿不良妊娠结局并减轻社会经济负担。目前最主要的预防措施包括生活方式干预（饮食和运动）、膳食补充剂和药物。运动干预和补充肌醇对预防妊娠期糖尿病有效；饮食干预、运动和饮食联合干预均有一定益处，但存在争议；补充益生菌和预防性使用二甲双胍对孕前超重或肥胖孕妇似乎无效；补充维生素D的有效性目前不明确。“,”Overweight or obese women have a significantly increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). With the increasing prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age, the prevalence of GDM has also risen. The prevention of GDM during pregnancy is particularly important in reducing the adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and their offspring and decreasing the economic burden of the society. Lifestyle interventions (exercises, dietary), dietary supplementation, and pharmacological approaches are the main preventive measures. Exercise intervention and myo-inositol supplementation are effective in preventing GDM; dietary intervention and combined lifestyle intervention have some benefits, but the results remain controversial; probiotic supplementation and prophylactic use of metformin seem to be ineffective; the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation is unclear.