清政府一向坚守闭关锁国的对外政策,把外部世界概归入蛮夷之邦,不屑与之交往。直到西方列强用武力轰开中国大门,这时整个国家在列强面前暴露无遗,“天朝上国”“惟我独尊”的颜面也尽扫而光,痛定思痛,权衡利弊,中央办理外交的机构——总理衙门终于难产而生。开放后为中国社会发展作出的重大贡献进一步论证其主动性。 The Qing government has always adhered to its foreign policy of closing down the country and categorized the external world as a barbarian state and disdains it. Until the Western powers opened the door to China by force, the entire country was exposed in the presence of the powers. At the same time, the face of the “heavenly kingdom” and “only one” - Prime Minister Yamen was finally born. After the opening up for China’s social development made a significant contribution to further demonstrate its initiative.