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目的了解六安市出生缺陷的相关影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,选取2013~2014年在六安市妇幼保健院住院引产或分娩的105例出生缺陷儿作为病例组;同时按1:3的原则选择在该院分娩的正常新生儿作为对照组,调查出生缺陷情况并进行影响因素分析。Epi Data 3.1软件双录入建立数据库,并一致性检验。数据分析使用SPSS 18.0统计软件。结果单因素分析提示职业、孕期发热、病毒感染、抗生素使用、家族遗传史、孕前及孕期规范服用叶酸史、射线接触史、化工品接触史是出生缺陷的影响因素,多因素logistic回归分析结果:孕期发热、病毒感染是出生缺陷的独立危险因素,而孕前及孕期规范服用叶酸史是保护因素。结论孕期病毒感染及发热可增加出生缺陷的发生风险,而孕前及孕期规范服用叶酸史可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of birth defects in Lu’an City, and to provide basis for the corresponding interventions. Methods A case-control study was conducted in this study. 105 cases of birth defects induced by labor or childbirth in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Lu’an City from 2013 to 2014 were selected as the case group. At the same time, the normal newborns delivered in the hospital were selected according to the 1: 3 principle In the control group, the birth defects were investigated and the influencing factors were analyzed. Epi Data 3.1 software double entry into the establishment of the database, and consistency test. Data analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical software. Results Univariate analysis showed that occupational, pregnancy fever, viral infection, antibiotic use, family history, pre and post pregnancy conception folic acid, exposure history and exposure history of chemical products were the influencing factors of birth defects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that: Fever during pregnancy, viral infection is an independent risk factor for birth defects, and pregnancy before and during pregnancy norms to take folic acid is a protective factor. Conclusions During pregnancy, viral infection and fever may increase the risk of birth defects. However, taking folic acid regularly before and during pregnancy can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.