Objective To study the role of IFN-γ /IL-10 cytokines on IL-10 receptor gene and protein expression of human decidual stromal cells(DSC) in human early pregnancy in vitro. Methods Human DSC was isolated and cultured in vitro, and the expression of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 gene was analyzed after cells had been treated with TH2-type cytokines IL-10 and TH1-type cytokines IFN-γ within 60 min with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, then the influence of IL-10 and IFN-γ on expression of IL-10R protein was examined by first trimester DSC using flow cytometry. In addition, the vitality of DSC was detected by MTT. Results IL-10R1 mRNA levels of DSC treated with IL-10 (10 ng/ml) reached the peak level within 15 min, and were significantly lower at 30 min, then were not detected at 45 min. The expression of IL-10R1 were induced to moderate level by IFN-γ(10 ng/ml) within 30 min, and reduced to undetected levels at 60 min. There was no significant difference of IL-10R2 expression (P>0.05) between treated and not with the above- mentioned cytokines. The IL-10R protein expression and vitality of DSC were significantly enhanced by IL-10 (10 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (10 ng/ml) which treated DSC 48 h (P<0.05). Conclusion IL-10 and IFN-γ may play an important role of biologic function in early pregnancy by influencing IL-10R expression of DSC. Objective To study the role of IFN-γ / IL-10 cytokines on IL-10 receptor gene and protein expression of human decidual stromal cells (DSC) in human early pregnancy in vitro. Methods Human DSC was isolated and cultured in vitro, and the expression of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 gene was analyzed after cells had been treated with TH2-type cytokines IL-10 and TH1-type cytokines IFN-γ within 60 min with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, then the influence of IL-10 and IFN- [gamma] on expression of IL-10R protein was examined by first trimester DSC using flow cytometry. In addition, the vitality of DSC was detected by MTT. Results IL-10R1 mRNA levels of DSC treated with IL-10 (10 ng / ml) reached the peak level within 15 min, and were significantly lower at 30 min, then were not detected at 45 min. The expression of IL-10R1 was induced to moderate level by IFN- γ (10 ng / ml) within 30 min , and reduced to undetected levels at 60 min. There was no significant difference of IL-10R2 expression (P> 0.05 ) between treated and not with the above cytokines. The IL-10R protein expression and vitality of DSC were significantly enhanced by IL-10 (10 ng / ml) and IFN- [gamma] (10 ng / ml) (P <0.05). Conclusion IL-10 and IFN-γ may play an important role of biologic function in early pregnancy by influencing IL-10R expression of DSC.