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针对现有研究对反底拱控制深井软岩巷道底臌的力学效应多采用模型试验和数值分析方法而缺乏解析方法的问题,基于塑性极限分析法研究了巷道在高竖直应力为主的地应力作用下开挖反拱后巷道底板的应力场特征,揭示了开挖反拱后巷道底臌的机理,并分析了反底拱的支护效应对控制巷道底臌的作用。结果表明:开挖反拱会影响巷道整体的稳定性,但铺设适宜半径的反底拱能大大提高底板的极限承载力;反底拱半径越小,其抑制底臌的效果越明显。结合反底拱力学模型从理论的角度给出了锚拉反底拱支护参数的解析解,为传统支护设计提供参考。最后将提出的方法应用于龙口矿区梁家煤矿一采区运输巷道的支护设计,并进行了现场支护试验,现场监测结果表明,经支护优化设计的试验段巷道变形得到了有效控制。
According to the existing research, the mechanics effect of inverse bottom arch control on the bottom of soft rock roadway in deep soft rock is mostly solved by model test and numerical analysis method, and the analytical method is lacking. Based on the plastic limit analysis method, The stress field characteristics of the tunnel floor after reverse arch excavation under the action of stress revealed the mechanism of tunnel bottom excavation after reverse arch excavation and analyzed the effect of arch support effect on the control tunnel floor. The results show that the reverse arch excavation will affect the overall stability of the roadway. However, laying the inverted arch with a suitable radius can greatly enhance the ultimate bearing capacity of the floor. The smaller the inverse arch radius is, the more obvious it is to restrain the bottom 臌. Combined with the anti-arch mechanics model, the analytic solution of the anchoring parameters is given theoretically, which provides reference for the design of the traditional retaining and supporting. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the support design of the transportation laneway in the first mining area of Liangjia Coal Mine in Longkou Mining Area. The field support test is also conducted. The monitoring results show that the deformation of the roadway in the experimental section is effectively controlled by the support design.