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白垩系-第三系界面地球化学异常包括:1)、CaCO_3含量降低;2)、氧同位素负异常;3)、碳同位素负异常;4)、元素铱、(钅我)及其它痕量元素的高度富集。CaCO_3含量下降系白垩纪末期钙质浮游生物大量死亡所致。据解释,δ~(18)O异常体现了大洋表面温度和底部温度的明显升高,δ~(13)C异常则系海洋浮游生物的大量死亡所致。 Alvarez等学者曾假定小行星的坠落是造成这些异常的原因。与他们相反,笔者认为白垩纪末期的异常应直接或间接地归因于彗星的撞击。陆上的大动物系热环境所杀,而钙质浮游生物的灭绝则系坠落彗星释放的氰化物毒害,以及氰化物解毒作用后海洋中方解石未饱和深度灾难性的上升的结果。彗星可能在俄罗斯南部坠落,其破碎残骸的撞击造成了苏联的卡缅斯克和古雪夫火山口。
Geochemical anomalies in the Cretaceous-Tertiary interface include: 1) a decrease in CaCO 3 content; 2) a negative anomaly of oxygen isotope; 3) a negative carbon anomaly; 4) an elemental iridium and other trace elements Highly enriched. The decrease of CaCO_3 content was caused by a large number of deaths of calcareous planktons in the late Cretaceous. According to the explanation, the δ 18 O anomaly shows a significant increase of the surface temperature and the bottom temperature of the ocean, while the δ 13 C anomaly is caused by the massive death of marine plankton. Alvarez et al. Have hypothesized that the asteroid’s fall was the cause of these anomalies. In contrast, in my opinion, abnormalities at the end of the Cretaceous should be directly or indirectly attributed to the comet impact. The large terrestrial animals are killed by the thermal environment, while the extinction of calcareous plankton is caused by the cyanide poison released by the falling comets and the catastrophic increase of the unsaturated depth of the calcite in the oceans after cyanide detoxification. Comets may have crashed into the south of Russia and the impact of the broken wreck caused the Soviet Kamensk and Kushaf crater.