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森林组合在日本林业发挥着非常重要的作用。介绍了日本的森林组合制度的形成背景、组合法律与政策的变迁、目前实施效果与面临的任务。其森林组合制度从1907年修改的《森林法》第一次提出至今已超过100年。到2007年,全日本有736个组合,组合员人数约160万人,加入的森林面积1115万公顷,占日本民有林面积的72%。目前的发展特点是组合数减少、经营效率提高;组员老龄化的同时,得益于2002年后政府实施的“绿色雇用事业”而增加了年轻组员。今后的发展目标:组合的集约化与高效率、培养林业人才、强化发挥森林功能多样性和山村发展的综合性政策;认为其森林组合政策仍有强化的余地。
The forest portfolio plays a very important role in Japan’s forestry. The paper introduces the formation background of Japan’s forest portfolio system, the changes of the combination of laws and policies, the present implementation effect and the tasks facing it. Its system of forest assemblage was first proposed for more than 100 years from the Forest Law amended in 1907. By 2007, there are 736 alliances in Japan and the number of members is about 1.6 million. The total area of forest involved is 11.15 million hectares, accounting for 72% of the area of private forests in Japan. The current development features a decrease in the number of portfolios and an increase in operational efficiency. At the same time as the aging of the group members, young members have been added thanks to the “Green Employment Business” implemented by the government after 2002. Future development goals: Intensification and efficiency of the combination, cultivation of forestry personnel, and strengthening of the diversity of forest functions and the development of mountain villages in a comprehensive policy; that the forest portfolio policy still has room for reinforcement.