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直到不久前,经济学家还认为经济发展分为三个阶段。首先是工业革命开启的资本积累阶段。马克思主义历史学家艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆称之为资本时代。社会将很大一部分收入存起来投资资本设备。世界上的资本品逐渐多了起来。经济学家认为,资本时代之后将是消费时代。在消费时代,人们开始收获此前勤俭节约的成果。随着新投资回报率的下降,以及消费的可能性不断扩大,他们会减少储蓄、增加消费。随后是第三个,也是最后一个阶段:富足时代。由于消费品变得极大丰富,人们把更多的消费用于休闲。工作将越来越少。这被视为是经济发展阶段的终点。
Until recently, economists also considered economic development divided into three stages. The first is the stage of capital accumulation that the Industrial Revolution opened up. Eric Hobbesbaum, a Marxist historian, calls it the Capital Age. The community saves a large portion of its income to invest in capital equipment. Capital goods in the world have gradually increased. Economists believe that the post-capital era will be the consumer era. In the consumer age, people began to reap the fruits of thrift. As the new rate of return on investment declines, and the possibilities for spending continue to grow, they will save less and increase their consumption. Followed by the third and final stage: the era of affluence. As consumer goods have become extremely rich, people spend more on leisure. Work will be less and less. This is regarded as the end of the stage of economic development.