[目的]了解2011—2015年安徽省农村环境卫生状况及其变化趋势。[方法]按照分层随机抽样的方法,连续5年对全省24个县,480个行政村进行环境卫生现场调查,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法获得监测数据。[结果]监测点的集中式饮用水人口比例由32.0%上升至53.6%,无害化厕所普及率由17.6%上升至27.3%。生活垃圾主要处理方式为填埋,5年比例均在75%以上,生活污水主要处理方式为二级处理。病媒生物消杀灭开展的村比例一直低于20%,且自2013年以来,病媒生物防制的开展比例有下降的趋势。[结论]集中式供水人口比例和无害化厕所普及率逐年提高,生活污水主要处理方式不能满足污水现代化处理要求,病媒生物消杀灭开展近两年有下降趋势,需进一步采取有效措施改善农村环境卫生现状。 [Objective] To understand the status of rural environmental health and its changing trend in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2015. [Method] According to the stratified random sampling method, the environmental health field survey was conducted in 24 counties and 480 administrative villages in the province for 5 years in a row, and the monitoring data were obtained by referring to the data, interviews and on-site observation. [Results] The proportion of centralized drinking water population in monitoring sites increased from 32.0% to 53.6%, and the penetration rate of harmless toilets increased from 17.6% to 27.3%. The main treatment methods for domestic waste are landfills, with the proportion of over 5 years being over 75%. The main treatment methods for domestic sewage are secondary treatment. The proportion of villages carrying out the killing and killing of vector organisms has been below 20%. Since 2013, the proportion of vector-borne biological control has been declining. [Conclusion] The proportion of centralized water supply and the penetration rate of harmless toilets have been increasing year by year. The main treatment methods of domestic sewage can not meet the requirements of modern sewage treatment. The elimination of vector organisms has been on the decline in recent two years, and effective measures should be taken to improve Rural sanitation status quo.