The effects of different solvents on the extraction of effective components from the cell wall tissues of Chinese traditional medicines were studied by the histochemical methods, such as the bare-handed section, swelling ratio, paraffin section, IR spectrum and cell wall component analysis. The results show that the ethanol-alkali solvent could increase the swelling ratio as well as the swelling speed. The effective components of cell wall tissues extracted by ethanol-alkali solvent become loose shown by the paraffin section. According to the IR spectrum analysis and the results of cell wall tissue component analysis, it was found that the ethanol-alkali solvent could decrease the contents of pectin and hemicellulose in the cell wall to make the wall broken, and therefore the effective components can be extracted easily by the solvent and the extraction rate is increased. The effects of different solvents on the extraction of effective components from the cell wall tissues of Chinese traditional medicines were studied by the histochemical methods, such as the bare-handed section, swelling ratio, paraffin section, IR spectrum and cell wall component analysis. The Results show that the ethanol-alkali solvent could increase the swelling ratio as well as the swelling speed. The effective components of cell wall papers by ethanol-alkali solvent become loose shown by the paraffin section. According to the IR spectrum analysis and the results Of cell wall tissue component analysis, it was found that the ethanol-alkali solvent could decrease the contents of pectin and hemicellulose in the cell wall to make the wall broken, and therefore the effective components can be extracted easily by the solvent and the extraction rate Is increased.