“生态批评”是指从生态视野观察文学艺术的一种文艺理论批评,它试图通过研究作家创作和文学文本,探索并反思人们的生存方式和文明的发展模式。欧美生态批评发端于20世纪70年代,至90年代成为文学批评领域里的重要分支。国内生态文学研究始于20世纪80年代,兴起于90年代,新世纪以来有较大发展,在获得学术界广泛关注的同时,它在学理基础、批评疆域和研究对象等方面也遇到了诸多质疑和争议。 “Ecocriticism” refers to a literary criticism of literature and art viewed from the ecological perspective. It attempts to explore and reflect on the mode of people’s existence and the development of civilization through the study of writer’s writing and literary texts. The ecocriticism in Europe and the United States started in the 1970s and became an important branch in the field of literary criticism in the 1990s. The research on domestic ecological literature started in the 1980s and began to rise in the 1990s. Since the beginning of the new century, great progress has been made in the study of ecological literature. It has also encountered many questions in the academic foundation, critical area and research subjects And controversy.