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瑞典的公共部门分为中央和地方两级。中央公共部门由国家机构、社会保障基金以及一些国有企业组成,地方政府的主要职能是提供公共服务。自60年代以来,瑞典公共部门发展很快,公共部门通过直接提供社会服务、转移支付以及对经济的调节与管制方式参与社会经济活动,在社会经济发展中发挥了作用。同时,公共部门也暴露出一系列问题,如税收体制妨碍了市场机制调节职能的发挥,损害了经济效率;公共支出过多形成了持续的沉重财政负担,抑制了资金积累与生产性投资等等。为此,80年代初以来,瑞典政府针对公共部门存在的各种问题,进行了一些结构改革,主要包括税收体制改革、金融体制改革、国有企业管理体制改革等。通过结构改革,旨在纠正公共部门对市场机制的扭曲,削减公共支出,加强竞争和提高经济效率。通过分析,作者认为,迄今为止,结构改革对经济效率的积极影响未有明显的表现。
The public sector in Sweden is divided into central and local levels. The central public sector is composed of state agencies, social security funds and some state-owned enterprises. The main function of local governments is to provide public services. Since the 1960s, the public sector in Sweden has developed rapidly. The public sector has played a role in socio-economic development through the direct provision of social services, transfer payments and the regulation and control of the economy in socio-economic activities. At the same time, the public sector also exposed a series of problems. For example, the tax system hindered the development of the regulatory mechanism of the market mechanism and undermined the economic efficiency. Excessive public spending created a continuing heavy financial burden and inhibited capital accumulation and productive investment. . Therefore, since the early 1980s, the Swedish government has carried out some structural reforms in response to various problems in the public sector, including the reform of the tax system, the reform of the financial system, and the reform of the management system of state-owned enterprises. Through structural reforms, the aim is to correct public sector distortions in market mechanisms, reduce public expenditures, enhance competition and enhance economic efficiency. Through analysis, the author believes that so far, the positive impact of structural reform on economic efficiency has not been obvious.