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目的了解壳聚糖/聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚体(PLGA)人工神经移植物修复小鼠神经缺损后神经功能长时程恢复水平与再生神经成熟度。方法采用人工神经移植物桥接修复小鼠坐骨神经缺损(n=6),以自体神经修复(n=6)和缺损组(n=6)为对照,术后1年采用热痛阈测定、电生理学、激光多普勒血流检测评定神经功能,采用靶肌湿重比、组织学和电子显微镜等技术综合评定神经重支配和再生神经成熟度。结果人工神经移植物组足底痛觉反应潜伏期、神经源性血管扩张程度、腓肠肌复合肌动作电位(CMAPs)波幅和潜伏期、靶肌湿重比、再生轴突数量等指标与自体神经修复组相近,但与健侧相比CMAPs潜伏期较长,髓鞘较薄,轴突直径分布滞后。结论人工神经移植物修复小鼠神经缺损术后1年感觉及自主神经功能、再生神经数量和靶肌重支配水平与自体神经修复相当,但再生神经纤维成熟度未达正常。
Objective To investigate the long-term recovery of neurological function and the degree of maturation of regenerative nerve after repairing the nerve deficient mice with chitosan / poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) artificial nerve graft. Methods Nerve sciatic nerve defects were repaired by artificial nerve graft (n = 6). The autonomic nerve repair (n = 6) and defect group (n = 6) were used as control. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate the neurological function. The target weight ratio, histology and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the neurological dignity and regenerative nerve maturity. Results Compared with the autologous nerve repair group, the indexes such as the latency of foot pain, the extent of neurogenic vasodilation, the amplitude and latency of gastrocnemius muscle activity potential (CMAPs), the ratio of target muscle wet weight and the number of regenerated axons in artificial nerve graft group were similar, However, compared with contralateral, CMAPs have longer incubation period, thinner myelin sheath and lag diameter distribution. Conclusions Artificial nerve grafts can repair sensory and autonomic functions at 1 year postoperatively in mice. The numbers of regenerative nerves and target muscular weights are similar to autonomic nerve repair, but the maturation of regenerated nerve fibers is not normal.