人的能动性是马克思主义认识论的重要问题。而旧唯物论者无视人的能动性,唯心论者则片面、抽象的夸大人的能动性。在实践中,有人宣扬“精神万能”;有人忽视思想政治工作;也有人把人的能动性归结为精神的能动性,忽视了人的整体能动性的结用。因此,正确认识人的能动性,允分发挥正确的自觉能动性,对于建设社会主义物质文明和精神文明,推动改革,实现四化是有重要意义的。一、能动性不是人特有的能动性只有人才有,几乎成了公认的看法。然而,这个看法是否全面。还值得进一步研究。我认为,能动性不是人特有的,它是一切事物都具有的普遍性质。所谓能动性就是由事物自身主动积极的起动力怍用的活动性能。而一切事物中包含的矛盾方面相互依赖和相互斗争,决定一切事物的生命、推动一切事物的发展。因此,矛盾就是能动性的内部源泉。矛盾 Man’s initiative is an important issue of Marxist epistemology. While the old materialists disregard human initiative, the idealist exaggerates the initiative of one-sidedness and abstraction. In practice, some people advocate “spiritual omnipotence”; others neglect ideological and political work; and others attribute human initiative to spiritual initiative and ignore the use of man’s overall initiative. Therefore, it is of great significance for us to correctly understand the initiative of human beings and to allow them to exert their correct initiative. This is of great significance to building a socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization, promoting reform and realizing the four modernizations. First, the initiative is not a unique initiative Only people have, has almost become a recognized view. However, this view is comprehensive. It is worth further study. I think that motivation is not peculiar to human beings and it is the universal nature of everything. The so-called initiative is by the things themselves active initiative 怍 use activity performance. The contradictions contained in all things rely on each other and struggle with each other, determining the life of all things and promoting the development of everything. Therefore, contradictions are the internal source of motivation. contradiction