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20世纪中国有两次对西方思想的大规模引进,一次是世纪初二十年以民主和科学为纲的富有启蒙精神的文化反思,一次是世纪末二十年以“现代性”问题为中心的思想解放。西方的社会思潮,从启蒙运动的理性建构围绕“现代性”问题展开的理性自我批判,其发展的脉络和继承性是十分清晰的,体现了人的主体性在社会发展的矛盾运动中不断深入的自觉,人的中心地位不断巩固,这正是“现代性”问题在西方社会作为一原发型课题的合法性基石。反观中国,以世纪初救亡主题下的生存焦虑到世纪末全球化浪潮中的发展焦虑,启蒙话语在救亡、革命、发展的喧嚣纷扰中成了一支怀旧的老歌。关于以人为中心的人文主义理性精神,在中国也只掀
In the 20th century, China introduced the Western ideas twice in a large scale. The first is the cultural introspection of the enlightening spirit of democracy and science in the first two decades of the 20th century. The first is the question of “modernity” in the 20 years of the end of the 20th century Emancipation of mind. The trend of social development in the West from the rational construction of the Enlightenment around the issue of “modernity” is very clear. The development of context and inheritance is very clear, which shows that the subjectivity of man is constantly deepened in the contradictions and movements of social development Consciousness and the continuous consolidation of the central position of man are the cornerstones of the legitimacy of the “modernity” issue in Western society as a primary issue. On the other hand, China has become anxious about the development in the tide of globalization at the beginning of the century with the anxiety of survival under the theme of salvation in the beginning of the century. Enlightenment discourse has become a nostalgic old song in the noise and disasters of salvation, revolution and development. With regard to the human-centered, rationalistic spirit of humanism, it has only been lifted in China