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本文主要采用认知语法中的原型范畴理论、识解观以及舞台模型理论,以德语中的人际语法隐喻为例,分别从情态语法隐喻、语气语法隐喻和时态语法隐喻等方面探讨语法隐喻的认知基础、机制及特征。按照原型范畴理论的基本范式,德语人际语法隐喻中的一致式和隐喻式之间体现了范畴原型与边缘的关系。一致式是原型用法,通过隐喻的方式向非中心区域扩展,出现了抽象化的新语义并形成语义复合体,且语法功能发生变化,可视作范畴的边缘成员。在隐喻式中,说话人和句子施事者的关系由客观轴完全调整到了主观轴,说话人及其态度成为该句突显的部分。因此,语法隐喻的出现往往伴随着较高的主观化程度。
This paper mainly uses the theory of prototype category, the concept of understanding and the theory of stage model in cognitive grammar. Taking the interpersonal grammatical metaphor in German as an example, this paper probes into grammatical metaphor from modal grammatical metaphor, tone grammatical metaphor and temporal grammatical metaphor respectively Cognitive Basis, Mechanism and Characteristics. According to the basic paradigm of prototype category theory, the correspondence between the prototype and the marginalization of the category is reflected between the consistent and metaphorical expressions in German interpersonal grammatical metaphors. Consistency is archetypal usage, extending to non-central areas through metaphorical ways, presenting abstract new semantics and forming semantic complexes, and the grammatical functions have changed and can be regarded as the marginal members of categories. In metaphorical style, the relationship between the speaker and the sentence actor is completely adjusted by the objective axis to the subjective axis, and the speaker and his attitude become prominent parts of the sentence. Therefore, the appearance of grammatical metaphor often accompanied by a higher degree of subjectivity.