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人们用以传递信息、帮助记忆、表达思想的手段经历了漫长的发展阶段。文字的产生先后经过了结绳、刻楔、图画、象征等阶段。《易经》上说:“上古结绳而治,后世圣人易之以书契。”在原始社会后期,人类开始使用刻划符号,并开始用图画记录发生的事。这些符号、图画经长期演变,形成我国的文字。所以中国文字与西方文字不同,它从指事、象形两条道路上发展起来,最后形成形义结合的注音文字,未形成拼音文字。秦始皇统一中国后,进行了“书同文”的改革,统一了全国的汉字,这便是篆书。在字体发展中,又相继出现了隶书、草书、行书、楷书。由成千上万个汉字组成的文字体系,与口头语言相分离,其形义不受方言读音的影响,具有超然的稳定性,在文化传播中发挥着独特的作用。
The means by which people use information to help memorize and express thoughts have gone through a long period of development. The text has been through the rope, engraved wedge, drawing, symbolic stage. The Book of Changes states: “The ancient knot and the rule, later saints easy to book a contract.” In the primitive society later, humans began to use the scored symbol, and began to use pictures to record what happened. These symbols, pictures, long-term evolution, the formation of our country’s writing. Therefore, the Chinese writing is different from the Western writing. It develops from the two directions of finger-pointing and pictorial work, and finally forms the phonetic transcription of the combination of the forms and the phrasing. The phonetic transcription is not formed. Qin Shihuang unified China, conducted a “book with the text” reform, unified the Chinese characters, this is the seal script. In the development of fonts, there have been official script, cursive script, script, regular script. The system of characters, composed of thousands of Chinese characters, is separated from spoken language. Its shape is not affected by the pronunciation of dialects. It has the transcendental stability and plays a unique role in cultural transmission.