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遗传修饰生物体（GMOs）释放的生态学风险往往要在相当长的时期内才表现出来，因而必须对其进行长期监测。监测的内容和方法依对象的不同而有所不同。在短期和长期监测中，数学模型具有重要的作用。本文就监测的内容、原则和方法进行了全面的论述。
The ecological risk of release of GMOs often manifests over a long period of time, necessitating long-term monitoring. The content and method of monitoring vary by subject. Mathematical models play an important role in short-term and long-term monitoring. This article has carried on the comprehensive discussion to the monitoring content, the principle and the method.