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[目的]分析上海市卢湾区公共场所集中空调通风系统潜在的危险因素,探索有效卫生管理要素,为预防空气传播性疾病提供科学依据。[方法]采用分层抽样方法,随机抽取30家公共场所开展专项问卷调查,并根据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》、《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范》开展检测评价。[结果]公共场所卫生应急预案及卫生学检测评价报告匮乏。70.0%场所新风口与污染源距离过近,仅6.7%场所集中空调通风系统风箱安装空气净化消毒装置,未有场所安装冷却塔除雾器或除水器控制气溶胶。冷却水检测嗜肺军团菌阳性率为70.0%,主要菌型为Lp1型;冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性水样电导率平均值为(5897.55±601.16)μs/cm,阴性水样电导率平均值为(9031.12±1172.35)μs/cm,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.571,P<0.05)。[结论]冷却水军团菌监测预警可考虑采取电导率等相关指标进行快速检测,同时应控制新风污染及气溶胶扩散,及时开展清洗评价等污染控制工作。
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the potential risk factors of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Luwan District of Shanghai, explore the elements of effective health management and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of airborne diseases. [Method] The stratified sampling method was used to randomly select 30 public places to carry out special questionnaire survey and carry out testing and evaluation according to “Hygienic norms of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places” and “Hygienic evaluation standard of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places”. [Results] Public health emergency plan and hygienic test evaluation report lacking. 70.0% Ventilation Fresh air outlet too close to the source of pollution, only 6.7% Site Central air conditioning and ventilation system Bellows installation Air purification and disinfection device without place Cooling tower demister or thief control aerosol. The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water test was 70.0%, and the main strain was Lp1 type. The average value of the conductivity of positive samples of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was (5897.55 ± 601.16) μs / cm, (9031.12 ± 1172.35) μs / cm, the difference was statistically significant (t = -2.571, P <0.05). [Conclusion] The monitoring and early warning of Legionella chinensis may consider the rapid detection of conductivity and other related indicators, and at the same time should control the fresh air pollution and aerosol diffusion, and timely carry out the cleaning evaluation and other pollution control work.